A Comparison of Moral Views Essay

When we think of ancient philosophies, we immediately think of the early Greek philosophers. Among them were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, considered as the Fathers of Philosophy. Although they have different views on some certain aspects, we all know that they are the most influential thinkers not only during their respective times but today. This paper will focus on the similarities and differences of the moral and ethical views of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Socrates believed that self-knowledge will meet the conditions of having a good life. For Socrates, knowledge and virtue are of the same category. If a person could not learn knowledge, he cannot learn virtue. With this, he argued that virtue can be taught. â€Å"The unexamined life is not worth living.† Socrates believed that the pursue of knowledge and wisdom should always come first before any private interests. For him, seeking knowledge is in accordance to ethical and moral actions. Socrates, considered to be the greatest philosopher of all time, assumed that reason will lead to the good life. He believed that the real happiness a person achieved was influenced mainly by doing what seems to be right. When a person’s true value and function is found, he will achieve happiness. The Socratic ethics can be categorized as teleological in nature. We humans act towards the good and these actions naturally have their purposes. Plato, like all the early philosophers, based his beliefs on ethics on virtues and human well-being. Plato’s beliefs on happiness diverged significantly from other philosopher’s views. Due to this, his time on describing his own concept of happiness was divided. He spent lots of time criticizing the customary beliefs of the good life. Plato also considered happiness as perfect and is not easily understandable since it is supported by metaphysical assumptions that appear to be vague and is impossible to be understood. The focuses on Platonic ethics are the problems and difficulties of an individual, not happiness as a factor of good-living. For Aristotle, ethical knowledge is considered to be a general knowledge and not a precise knowledge. He argued that ethical knowledge is not a theoretical discipline but rather practical in nature. Aristotle believed that to become good, a person should have experienced the actions of life and is in accordance to fine habits. He did not believe that merely studying virtues will make a particular individual virtuous. One should do righteous and honorable to be good and virtuous. Aristotle believed that reputation and respect only would give a person his happiness. He argued that an individual finds happiness by fulfilling his functions as a human being. For Aristotle, a human’s function is to utilize what he has that everything else does not, his capacity to think or reason, or logos. A person using his ability to reason fulfills his nature as a rational soul and therefore finds his absolute happiness. For me, Aristotle’s ethical philosophy is the most applicable and the most practical to adapt. Unlike Socrates’ belief that an individual will be virtuous if he studies the virtues, Aristotle believed that one should act good to be good – not by merely studying how to be good nor what is good. Plato, on the other hand, focused on what should not be done in order to make a person’s life good. Aristotle argued that understanding what is good does not make a person good. So I think, Aristotle’s concept on morality stands among the three of them, just like the saying goes â€Å"Actions speak louder than words.†

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Corporate strategy - Essay Example This analysis assumes that the pending merger of BA and Iberia occurs pursuant to a November 2010 vote by Iberia shareholders. Combining the U.K.’s and Spain’s largest airlines is expected to build two major strengths. Combined, the two firms carry more than 61 million passengers (Airwise, 2010), which will rank the new firm among the world’s ten largest airlines, and provide greater customer visibility, economies in operating costs, and greater purchasing power/lower capital costs for aircraft and other equipment. BA and Iberia combine two major airport â€Å"hubs†, the customer (passengers and cargo) transit locations that facilitate direct customer access and operating economies. BA’s hub at London Heathrow ranks number two in world passenger traffic and number 16 in cargo tonnage, and Iberia’s hub at Madrid airport ranks number eleven in passenger traffic. Each firm also operates secondary airports of Gatwick and Barcelona that rank 31st and 42nd, respectively, in world passenger traffic. (Airports Council International, 2010) Moreover, one key projection is that the UK and Spain will be among the top four international markets for passenger traffic in 2014. (International Air Transport Association, 2010) A third BA strength is its membership in, and leadership of, oneworld ®, a global alliance of 11 world airlines founded in 1999. Within the consolidating worldwide airline industry, oneworld was named â€Å"Worlds Best Airline Alliance† (oneworld, 2010). BA’s strategic weaknesses include those common to other airlines, including dependence on, and difficult relationships with, employee unions; sustained lack of profitability; and damaged brand names due to union and operational difficulties. But BA’s major unique competitive weakness is that it is primarily a long haul, hub-centric carrier. As described by The Economist in May of this year, â€Å"the low-cost airlines Ryanair and easyJet are snapping at [BA’s]

5 question test review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

5 question test review - Essay Example The freedom of a person to do something or decide on something was determined by God even before its conception in the brain. 3. Dualism entails the existence of the mind and the body and how they interact with each other. It describes the presence of a conscious mind which affects the physical body and also the body influencing the conscious mind. Generally it shows that there exists two different aspects that affect each other. The dualistic notion advanced by the Chinese ying yang explains that the universe is divided into two worlds that are predominant. They are different forces which depend on each other and cause the existence of one another. Examples include, hot and cold, light and dark, male and female etc. Zoroastrianism is a religion that believes on the existence of a creator of only the good things and no bad thing comes from him. 4. The Judeo Christian understanding of man and women shows that women were created because of the man and she is ruled over by the man. They base their arguments from the first creation of man and how the woman made the man to sin. They were created by God in order to assist each other and the woman as a companion to the man. 5. Marks and Feud viewed religion as an illusion in which the desire for a father made people to form an imaginary figure to represent that. They argue that religion is slowly been disregarded as science and reasoning creeps in. They explain that due to the changes in the nature of things and civilisation, religion acts as a protection or

Knowledge of Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Knowledge of Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example This understanding enables them to not only make sense of the behaviour they witness in their workforce, but also to predict it before hand and sometimes even influencing it to reflect the desired level. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that organizational behaviour teaches one how to control human behaviour in an organization. However, it may be unreasonable to label this practice as exploitative, since the control is limited to an organizational setting, and the results are aimed to improving organizational performance, rather than exploitative practice of this knowledge. Organizational behaviour teaches a manager how to analyze and handle several different dimensions of an organization. One of the relatively well-known areas of expertise is the substantial and extensive knowledge of motivation that organizational behaviour has to offer. It offers dozens of theories on motivation, each tailored to specific situations as well as different findings in this area. These range from the classic theories such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory to the more controversial, contemporary theories such as Theory X and Y (Thompson and McHugh, 2002, pp. 10-48). Each of these motivational theories offers a unique insight into an employee’s mind, helping one understand what drives these employees to put effort into their work and then teaching one how to use these teachings to influence employees to exhibit desired behaviour. On the surface, it may seem like a euphemism for ‘manipulation techniques’ that teach a manager how to exploit a person’s predictability and use it to their organization’s advantage. However, the intentions behind organizational behaviour practices should be kept in sight before drawing such evaluations. Discussion Considering an organization with a de-motivated workforce may help one understand the ethical validation of this discipline. Such an organization would have paid employees who have each been designat ed specific tasks, each of which contribute to the organization’s performance and success. This is common amongst organizations that combine technology, creativity, and innovation in their operations. If the employees of such an organization lack motivation, their performance levels will be low, and predictably below the needed levels (Rashid, 2003, pp. 30-55). This would lead to failure of the organization, which could have several detrimental results, which could lead to employees losing their jobs and putting them at as much loss the organization. Thus, teaching a manager to remedy such a problem in a manner, which is beneficial for both the employee and the organization, is not exploitative. Furthermore, these theories do not try to manipulate an employee psychologically on a subconscious level. They do not aim to take advantage of the employee without realizing it, but rather offer this motivation at a conscious level, the influence of which is visible to the employees t hemselves. Other than Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning theory, most of the motivational theories operate on a conscious level and depend on the employees consciously reacting to the situation they are presented with (Huczynski and Buchanan, pp. 5-25). For example, bonus schemes are one of the most commonly used motivational techniques in a workplace. They offer the employee monetary and other similar forms of extra compensation for efficient and

Perils of Social Networking Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Perils of Social Networking - Research Proposal Example The research problem endeavors to ascertain the assorted aspects that make various social networking sites become disadvantageous among miscellaneous societal members, particularly the young (Azriel, 2011). The study will also attempt to look into mitigation measures, in order to alleviate challenges associated with social networking. The justification of this research is to analyze the extent of the negative impacts of social networking among the dissimilar societal members, particularly the youth. The study will also endeavor to mull over various challenges that result from social networking, and thereby propose mitigation measures (Dailey, 2013). These mitigation measures will be applicable a proposal for implementation will be significant. The study aims at critically examines the role of social networking and challenges to societal members, particularly the youth, and the negative impacts that they pose to the people today. The study will critically review the correlation between social networking youth challenges such as crime, drug abuse and dismal performance among schools (Fuchs, 2012). Following the objectives of the study, it will tend to be more qualitative than quantitative. The study will also look into the implemented measures to alleviate such challenges and their suitability. While critically examining the available research on challenges that social networking poses to the youth, these studies prove to be inadequate. For instance, most studies took place before the introduction of the numerous diverse social networking sites that provide a different platform for association (Fuchs, 2012). This results from the fact that the advancement of technology creates various platforms of social networking, thereby posing new challenges. Additionally, numerous researches on the perils of social networking failed to address the issue of mitigation measures and suitable processes of

Engineering Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Engineering Ethics - Essay Example The suicide prevention devices develop the bridges’ and the skyscrapers’ ability to reduce suicide attempts. The engineers are required to perform their daily duties with excellent competence in order to scientifically manage and maintain rapid traffic flow from reducing by onlookers observing a suicide scene. Suicide scenes normally slow down traffic. Excellent competency in this area includes the compulsory duty of going out of one’s way to ensure the approval and acquisition of the suicide safety devices. Excellent competence includes the engineers’ required task of explaining the many benefits of purchasing the suicide prevention devices to the people having the financial ability to pay for the high-value suicide prevention devices.In addition, the engineers must issue statements in an objective and truthful manner; the engineers must state that the suicide prevention devices are needed for the company to prevent the further loss of lives as well as da mage to property. The engineers should convince the financial sponsors of the suicide prevention devices that the high cost of the suicide prevention devices is minimal compared to preventing the continued trespassing on the property. The engineers will convince the financial sponsors that the suicide prevention devices it would less costly to buy the suicide prevention devices compared to damages that will translate to damages on the bridges and other possible high places where a person can jump off to one’s immediate death.’s immediate death. The engineers should act in a professional manner for every employer or client and to avoid conflicts of interest. Professional manner includes informing the employer that the suicide prevention devices are compulsory equipment that will increase the use capacity of the bridges, roads, and other high buildings to reduce the suicide rate in the area. In addition, the

Reducing Violence in Society Essay Example for Free

Reducing Violence in Society Essay Finn’s that â€Å"we really understand the market only when we examine it within its [full] political, social, and cultural context† (p. 144). His use of the term the â€Å"moral ecology of markets† refers to his concept that markets involve complex interactions among a wide range of social factors that must be studied like an ecological system. Finn has identified four areas of morality:(1) government imposed constraints to markets that prevent market abuses, also they various opinions from left and right hinge on where fences should be built (2) the provision of essential goods and services to all persons, that means to redress distributional shortcomings of the market and balanced the demand and supply. (3) the morality of individuals and groups to restrain individual pursuit of self-interest by virtue. 4) the presence of civil society, in other worlds voluntary associations of individuals to achieve common goals. He suggests, is not between addressing these problems through totally free markets on the one hand, or some sort of centrally planned system on the other, since all real-world economic systems include some mix of markets and government involvement. Market systems provide some boundaries that limit or prohibit certain practices, and planned economies allow some decisions to be made by individuals. For all points of view from left to right, the assessment of justice will depend not only on the structure for markets themselves but also on the context of markets. Finn provides an economic defense of self-interest and market. Because he tried to believe that libertarians seek to defend markets without recourse to moral claims. However, they have failed eventually, because any defense of markets necessarily involves some moral claims, and indeed libertarians do accept some claims, though often implicitly. So that Finn proposes the â€Å"four problems of economic life†Ã¢â‚¬â€allocation, distribution, scale, and quality of relations—which all economic systems must address. The economic problems are interrelated, and attempts to solve on can have a beneficial or detrimental effects on the others. Begins with the â€Å"construction of fences† that defines the bounds of allowable market fences. They allow the established fences people are free to pursue their own interests. Simultaneously, USA people agree that current market fences are morally sufficient to prevent abuses. Since Finn argues that do acting on self-interest within the game is allowed. The executives should be responsible to shareholders and employees. It is not just corporation get profits as a main purpose, but also managers should consider others. For example a company had shortage, executives does not lay off its workers during a downturn in demand but rather reduces the wages and salaries of company employees, because everybody has right to pursue their self-interest. Employees also need to pay for their family or terrible life. Also, each person have desire to pursue self-interest in social and allow do acting within rules what they made, like the â€Å"construction of fences†, the multi-national corporation should obligate to treat all teams be fair. Finn’s arguments are not convincing. I do not think Finn’s account of self-interest promote mutual understanding. First, Finn’s account of self-interest fails to recognize that in most market exchanges neither the buyer nor the seller takes explicit account of his or her self-interest, nor the interest of others, but each simply â€Å"goes about his or her business. For example if I back to home and by the way go to supermarket to buy fruits and milk, I make calculations nor do I consider tradeoffs. I simply select the items, pay my bill, and head for home. I pursue my self-interest because I base my decision on factors such as convenience, bargains, but how often do â€Å"abuses† arise on account of self-interested behavior ? Second, Finn’s account of self-interest is that he seems to equate self-interested behavior with market behavior. A government officer might seek to enlarge his budget, or the number of workers reporting to him, so as to increase his salary.